{"id":1140,"date":"2021-09-08T12:37:43","date_gmt":"2021-09-08T05:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/sua-doi-loi-lam-viec-486\/"},"modified":"2026-07-09T11:23:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-09T04:23:01","slug":"sua-doi-loi-lam-viec-486","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/sua-doi-loi-lam-viec-486\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n
\n

N\u0103m 1947, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Thu \u0110\u00f4ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 6 ph\u1ea7n: Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa; M\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m; T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng; V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9; C\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o; Ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f3i ba hoa. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n, d\u00e2n ta g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ebb vang. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng “H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh”, cu\u1ed1n \u201cS\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n

Ban Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp trang tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed C\u1ea3ng Quy Nh\u01a1n xin tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

I. PH\u00ca B\u00ccNH V\u00c0 S\u1eecA CH\u1eeeA<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Sua<\/a><\/center><\/p>\n

B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf P\u1eafc B\u00f3<\/em><\/p>\n

1. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ta, v\u00ec b\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, m\u00e0 xao nh\u00e3ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t to. Kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111i ch\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng trong m\u00ecnh th\u00ec qu\u00ean ch\u1eefa. T\u1eeb nay, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

2. Trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qua loa, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nay, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

A- T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t u\u1ef7 ban h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, do c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, do c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u tham gia. S\u1ed1 u\u1ef7 vi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt, tu\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh. U\u1ef7 ban n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

B- TH\u1edcI GIAN H\u1eccC T\u1eacP:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 th\u00e1ng. M\u1ed7i n\u01a1i tu\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd. D\u00f9 sao, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

D- C\u00c1CH TH\u1ee8C H\u1eccC T\u1eacP:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u – M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

2. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn – Khai h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. Trong l\u00fac th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Song kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i g\u00e0n, n\u00f3i v\u00f2ng quanh. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn trong cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean duy\u1ec7t y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u0110- C\u00c1CH PH\u00ca B\u00ccNH:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nhau s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, gi\u00fap nhau ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. C\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n. C\u1ed1t \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, th\u1eadt th\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec3 nang, kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam b\u1edbt. Ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u1edb d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u1ec9a mai, chua cay, \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc. Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i vui l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec b\u1ecb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed, ho\u1eb7c o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

E- KI\u1ec2M TRA:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

U\u1ef7 ban h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ban ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u00edt, khen ng\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

G- B\u00c1O C\u00c1O:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

H- TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00eam, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u00fap anh em s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: c\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m to, s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. C\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn, r\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

II. PH\u1ea2I S\u1eecA \u0110\u1ed4I L\u1ed0I L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea2NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng ta hy sinh tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, tranh l\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1ebb vang.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, kh\u00e9o h\u01a1n, th\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f2n to t\u00e1t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o, th\u00ec c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u00edt. Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00edt th\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh. H\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi ch\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ta, th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh trong m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam, nguy \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o ba h\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n

– Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n

– Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 trong \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i.<\/p>\n

– Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ba hoa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eefa ngay, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u00e2y ra, th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

A- B\u1ec6NH CH\u1ee6 QUAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh sinh ra do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0: K\u00e9m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c khinh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

L\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111em th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m, trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, xem x\u00e9t, so s\u00e1nh th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111em n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i kim ch\u1ec9 nam, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ch\u00fang ta trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec l\u00fang t\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft m\u00e0 \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t cao. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed h\u1ecfi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1? \u0110\u00e3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u201cbi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

V\u00ec k\u00e9m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, cho n\u00ean g\u1eb7p m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft xem x\u00e9t cho r\u00f5, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cho \u0111\u00fang, x\u1eed tr\u00ed cho kh\u00e9o. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ch quan, \u00fd m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0m th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng k\u00e9m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn trong b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u0169, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng anh em \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd b\u00e1u cho \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh khinh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. H\u1ecd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft th\u00eam l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. H\u1ecd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tuy t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ec9 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft m\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng anh em \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch, xem nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch. Si\u00eang xem s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 xem nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng. D\u00f9 xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n quy\u1ec3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111em ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u00f2m \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Xem nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 lo\u00e8, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra ta \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng anh em \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea3i \u0111em l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eefa c\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh k\u00e9m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, khinh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch, xem nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch. Si\u00eang xem s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 xem nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tham gia c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, tham gia kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd b\u00e1u cho \u0110\u1ea3ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, l\u00ean m\u1eb7t. Ch\u1ee9ng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o l\u00ean m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u sinh s\u1ea3n. Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra. Hai l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tranh \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra. Ngo\u00e0i hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc xong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. Song y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Y mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111em c\u00e1i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1i khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. Ch\u1edb ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o. Ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i \u0111em ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean (ho\u1eb7c vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n). Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eafn. C\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eafn, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eafn lung tung, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em lo\u00e8 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 th\u00ec l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

B- B\u1ec6NH H\u1eb8P H\u00d2I<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f2n m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Trong, th\u00ec b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y ng\u0103n tr\u1edf \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tham danh v\u1ecdng, tham \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, d\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi, b\u1ec7nh h\u1ee7 ho\u00e1,v.v., \u0111\u1ec1u do b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i m\u00e0 ra!<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, mu\u1ed1n \u0111em l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd qu\u00ean h\u1eb3n c\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp trung. H\u1ecd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng \u0111a s\u1ed1, h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1eefa ngay b\u1ec7nh \u1ea5y, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec ham danh v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, cho n\u00ean khi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o, th\u00ec l\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u01b0a ai th\u00ec k\u00e9o v\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a th\u00ec t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ea9y ra. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, tr\u00e1i h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00ec n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n, kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, quen thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n. Hai h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau, b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp nhau, th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i m\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, khinh r\u1ebb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 d\u1ed1t k\u00e9m. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n m\u1eadt h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nay, h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00f4i th\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, th\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Hai h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8n c\u1ef1a. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u1eefa cho ti\u1ec7t c\u00e1i n\u1ecdc b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong tay. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb nay c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0 thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ec7nh \u00edch k\u1ef7, b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f9n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u00e9m ra. C\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u00ec d\u00f9 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1eeba, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng thu gi\u1ea5u \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng cho c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb cho n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y cho s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 ch\u0103ng, s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169 c\u00f3 \u00edt, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho \u0110\u1ea3ng d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, theo lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00e0 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i y\u1ebfu, y\u1ebfu th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi th\u1ebf v\u00e0o, th\u00ec ai g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169 ph\u1ea3i hoan ngh\u00eanh, d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o, d\u00ecu d\u1eaft, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi. C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, v\u00ec c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u01b0a l\u00e2u, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f2n \u00edt, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169: H\u1ecd nhanh nh\u1eb9n h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, hai b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nhau, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau, h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn nhau, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb nay, quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n tho\u1ea3, th\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u201cm\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn\u201d, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169, c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady t\u1eeb nay, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y cho s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0110\u1ea3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i, khinh r\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft, mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i c\u00e2u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi, kh\u00f4ng xem ai ra g\u00ec, t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u1ec9 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: So v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00ec s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khinh r\u1ebb h\u1ecd, ch\u00ea bai h\u1ecd. Ta ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eddi xa d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. R\u1eddi xa d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c. C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u00f4m l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft. \u00d4m l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch x\u1eed tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o (nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, anh em tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i c\u0169, v.v.).<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nay, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1eefa c\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi d\u1ec5 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan, b\u1ec7nh \u00edch k\u1ef7, b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, v.v., m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch. M\u1ed7i k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. \u0110\u1ecbch b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eeb trong ph\u00e1 ra. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ta ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eefa h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

G\u1eb7p m\u1ed7i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

X\u1eed tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ra sao?<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i suy t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ch\u1edb h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p, ch\u1edb l\u00e0m b\u1eeba, ch\u1edb l\u00e0m li\u1ec1u. Ch\u1edb g\u1eb7p sao l\u00e0m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh kia, ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng th\u00e2n \u00e1i, l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh. Hai vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u00fac ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea1ch ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa cho nhau. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhau, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc nhau.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec trong \u0110\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

III. M\u1ea4Y \u0110I\u1ec0U KINH NGHI\u1ec6M<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. C\u00f3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng xong<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mu\u00f4n vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o l\u00e0ng X. \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du m\u1edf mang v\u0103n ho\u00e1, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed A \u1edf V\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1eaby tay, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m s\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, xin \u0111i l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0ng X, A li\u1ec1n \u0111i th\u0103m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: v\u00ec nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i \u1edf nh\u00e0 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

A li\u1ec1n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft: V\u1eeba h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba l\u00e0m. Khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u0103n tr\u00e2u, t\u1ed5 c\u1eaft c\u1ecf, t\u1ed5 \u0111an n\u00f3n, v.v.. C\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em v\u1eeba l\u00e0m v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0m ri\u00eang \u1edf nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o trong l\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng cho c\u00e1c con \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn \u0111i h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 g\u1eedi c\u1ea3 con c\u00f2n b\u00e9 cho th\u1ea7y, \u201ch\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef n\u00e0o hay ch\u1eef \u1ea5y\u201d. R\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn th\u1ea5y vui c\u0169ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed A t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, k\u00e9o nhau \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00fap.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c em l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfng ho\u1eb7c ngh\u1ecbch ng\u1ee3m, A kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u1ea1t, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u00ean d\u1ed7, v\u00e0 b\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c em kh\u00e1c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n em n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngoan ngo\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

Khi d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, A c\u0169ng ra tay gi\u00fap. Khi c\u00f3 ai c\u00e3i c\u1ecd nhau, th\u00ec A l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc trong l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, ai c\u0169ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed A. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 g\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, c\u0169ng g\u1eedi con \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed A ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, n\u00e0o qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 A. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f2n k\u00e9m, th\u00f3i quan li\u00eau c\u00f2n n\u1ed3ng cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng b\u1ecb d\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hao ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

2. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u00ec sai<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m l\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, tr\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, v.v., kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed9i. V\u00ec l\u1ebd g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

V\u00ec ch\u00fang ta qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 lu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ec1u do ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ra, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn to, t\u1eeb g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn xa, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ebf c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp l\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, \u0111\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, v.v., th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cho l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, cho n\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c (kh\u00e1ch quan).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Cho n\u00ean kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u tuy \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ebd n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng v\u00ec c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Khi ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, ch\u00fang ta \u0111em c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 xung phong, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ngay \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Khi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 xung phong ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec l\u00e0ng kia ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9i kia l\u1ea1i x\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i bong b\u00f3ng, th\u1ed5i h\u01a1i v\u00e0o, th\u00ec ph\u00f9ng l\u00ean, h\u01a1i ra h\u1ebft, th\u00ec x\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta tham lam l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng hay d\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 t\u1ec9nh, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed7i huy\u1ec7n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed, \u201c\u0103n nhi\u1ec1u, nu\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0m xong m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1eeb nay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ecdn, t\u1eeb \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng, ch\u1edb n\u00ean tham mau, tham nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

3. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng binh s\u0129, v.v., ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u00edch r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n, v\u00ec sao m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch kh\u00e1? N\u01a1i n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh t\u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t? Ai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3? v.v., \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1i hay \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c xong r\u1ed3i l\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m g\u00ec, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ra s\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 sai l\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa cho k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 lo l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i xao nh\u00e3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00e0nh th\u1eed cha m\u1eb9 v\u1ee3 con h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng vui l\u00f2ng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. (Tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d, \u201cc\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 tham gia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d, v.v.. Song to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. D\u00f9ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1edb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i k\u00e9m l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00e9o nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ebft xo\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nay, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00eca kho\u00e1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, t\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u1eabn \u00edt s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, \u00edt h\u0103ng h\u00e1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ebd g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

V\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ebd. M\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00ec: C\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ai n\u00f3i ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 x\u00e9t cho k\u1ef9, th\u00ec th\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i, d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau. Qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng r\u1eddi xa nhau. Tr\u00ean th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i ra.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 n\u00f3i ra c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nghe, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t, c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u201ctr\u00f9\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i ra th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 trong l\u00f2ng, r\u1ed3i sinh ra u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n. R\u1ed3i sinh ra th\u00f3i \u201ckh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i sau l\u01b0ng\u201d, \u201ctrong \u0110\u1ea3ng im ti\u1ebfng, ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed3m\u201d, sinh ra th\u00f3i \u201cth\u1eadm th\u00e0 th\u1eadm th\u1ee5t\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0: C\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o m\u00e0 trong l\u00fac khai h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 g\u00ec n\u00f3i h\u1ebft, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec nghe, c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh \u201cth\u00ec th\u1ea7m th\u00ec th\u00e0o\u201d c\u0169ng h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 trong \u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, th\u00ec l\u1eddi hay l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u00f3c \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd th\u00e1o c\u00e1i u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n \u0111\u00f3 ra, th\u00ec l\u1eddi hay l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o \u00f3c h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n. C\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ebft nh\u1ecd tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111em g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho soi, m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y v\u1ebft nh\u1ecd. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ai khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o, c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng \u0111i r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfu t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi soi th\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1 ra s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen ng\u1ee3i, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc theo. V\u00e0 trong khi t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t, c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa: Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hai ch\u1eef s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu ta th\u1eed h\u1ecfi: s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? th\u00ec ch\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 mong c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec sao m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c!<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u00f5: B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c to vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf, h\u1ec5 th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i, tr\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1i cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, gi\u00fap qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, t\u0103ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 s\u1ee9c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n th\u00f9, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed A n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, suy ngh\u0129 trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00e0m \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, \u00f3c ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 ngh\u0129, tay ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m, th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00edch cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ra, khuy\u00ean g\u1eafng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129, b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecd t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, th\u00ec gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khen ng\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd th\u00eam h\u0103ng h\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00ednh \u201cg\u1eb7p ch\u0103ng hay ch\u1edb\u201d ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1edbt, m\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u0103ng h\u00e1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

5. V\u00ec ai m\u00e0 l\u00e0m? \u0110\u1ed1i ai ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch?<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9: \u201cVi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m cho ai? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ai ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch?\u201d, ch\u1eafc s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cL\u00e0m cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea3ng, ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00ec ai m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3? V\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u1edbi ai?\u201d th\u00ec e nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u, cho n\u00ean trong l\u00fac l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u01b0\u1eddng sai l\u1ea7m; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i chia c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ra l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ra m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ee3i cho d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi xem qua nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Quy\u00ean ti\u1ec1n, thu thu\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, v.v..<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 hai l\u1ebd: V\u00ec ai m\u00e0 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ed1i ai ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho d\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u. Cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ee3i cho d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea, h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00ea, t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5, v.v., c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, d\u00e2n o\u00e1n. Th\u00ec c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e2u? M\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u: B\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ngon l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111em b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0103n, nh\u00e9t v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng ch\u00e1n!<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ghi t\u1ea1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y: d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. L\u00fac h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hy sinh m\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 khi v\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1ch \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o th\u00f3i quan li\u00eau, qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ecdn vu v\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1, th\u00ec ph\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trung th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t, th\u00ec Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t c\u0169ng kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m!<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fac thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 xa qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, v\u00ec c\u1ea7n cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gan \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00ean c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0o h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n, th\u00ec d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00ean c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u00ec c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, r\u1ed3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o sau, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 gi\u1eef n\u1ebfp c\u0169. C\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m s\u1eeda b\u1ecf, c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u201cqu\u00e1 h\u1eefu\u201d, g\u1eb7p sao hay v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Song l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 xa qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, th\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u201cqu\u00e1 t\u1ea3\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn, so s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, h\u00f4m sau s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang hoang mang. Nh\u01b0 t\u1ec9nh n\u1ecd, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, th\u00ec b\u1ecf h\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Minh c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c x\u00e3. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

6. S\u00e1t qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ta c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh n\u1eefa l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

a) B\u1ec7nh khai h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khai h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafp s\u1eeda k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. Khai h\u1ed9i l\u00e2u, khai h\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ec1 t\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 huy\u1ec7n, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 huy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng, th\u00ec kh\u1ec7nh kh\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 \u201c\u00f4ng quan\u201d. L\u00fac khai h\u1ed9i th\u00ec tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t: \u201cT\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n\u201d.\u201d\u00d4ng c\u00e1n\u201d l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t \u201ctua\u201d hai, ba gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. N\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00f2n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c trong khu, trong t\u1ec9nh, trong huy\u1ec7n, trong x\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. L\u00fac \u201c\u00f4ng c\u00e1n\u201d n\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e1p, k\u1ebb ng\u1ee7 g\u1ee5c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong \u00f4ng th\u00f4i \u0111i, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 cho mau. C\u00f3 ai hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn!<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang s\u1ee3 khai h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n h\u1ecd \u0111i khai h\u1ed9i, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u201c\u0111i phu\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh xa qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, b\u1ec7nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, khai h\u1ed9i l\u1ea5y l\u1ec7, khai h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 khai h\u1ed9i, ch\u1edb n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 khai h\u1ed9i!<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0m b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec, mu\u1ed1n nghe mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec, ham chu\u1ed9ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0m, ng\u1ed3i \u1ef3 trong ph\u00f2ng gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft, c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 hay. N\u00e0o c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 quan \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111em r\u00e2u \u00f4ng n\u1ecd, ch\u1eafp c\u1eb1m b\u00e0 kia\u201d, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n thua, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m th\u00eda, kh\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ban hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed1 m\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u00ean\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u: \u201cH\u1ecdc \u0103n, h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc g\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc m\u1edf\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc. Hu\u1ed1ng chi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao xu\u00f4i?<\/p>\n

Song nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ecbu hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ea5y n\u0103m c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfc thay, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ta ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i l\u1ebd gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111em \u201ckinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc\u201d hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ecb em ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00f4n qu\u00ea \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du!<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, v.v. c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1eeb trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ra. V\u1ec1 s\u00e2u trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\u201d.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c to vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t r\u00f5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ee3p tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, th\u00f3i quen sinh ho\u1ea1t, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, kinh nghi\u1ec7m tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, l\u00f2ng ham, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, theo ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i \u0111em c\u1ed9t v\u00e0o cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, th\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u201ckho\u00e9t ch\u00e2n cho v\u1eeba gi\u1ea7y\u201d. Ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Gi\u1ea7y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ta. Ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1ea7y theo ch\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n theo gi\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

b) B\u1ec7nh n\u1ec3 nang<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ec h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng quen bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n, th\u00e2n th\u00edch, anh em, cho n\u00ean l\u00fac h\u1ecd c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m c\u0169ng c\u1ee9 n\u1ec3 nang kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

IV. T\u01af C\u00c1CH V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. T\u01af C\u00c1CH C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea2NG CH\u00c2N CH\u00cdNH C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quan ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o sung s\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

3. Khi \u0111\u1eb7t ra kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n do n\u01a1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

5. Ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111em tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

6. M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

7. M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef v\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thi h\u00e0nh cho ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t.N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u1ee3i \u00edch ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

8. \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

9. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m trung ki\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

10. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ea9y b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u1ee7 ho\u00e1 ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

11. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

12. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u00e1 ra l\u1eddi n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n cho \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n M\u01b0\u1eddi hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1edb qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

B. PH\u1eacN S\u1ef0 C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea2NG VI\u00caN V\u00c0 C\u00c1N B\u1ed8<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Tr\u1ecdng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Cho n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao sinh ho\u1ea1t, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. V\u00ec to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. L\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. V\u00f4 lu\u1eadn l\u00fac n\u00e0o, v\u00f4 lu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i sau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d. N\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p khi l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft hy sinh l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i vui l\u00f2ng hy sinh cho \u0110\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00ec hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cho n\u00ean trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng li\u1ec7t s\u0129 oanh li\u1ec7t hy sinh cho \u0110\u1ea3ng, cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00e1c li\u1ec7t s\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng anh d\u0169ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ta b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u khi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ham h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u00e2n tin, d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c, d\u00e2n y\u00eau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ea3ng mong cho \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Song ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u01b0 ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i, ra m\u1eb7t anh h\u00f9ng, t\u1ef1 cao t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i, v.v.. \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ra. L\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u00ec T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o th\u00ec m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0. M\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0 th\u00ec khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 sau, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t \u1ea5y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u: Nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, tr\u00ed, d\u0169ng, li\u00eam.<\/p>\n

a) NH\u00c2N<\/strong> l\u00e0 th\u1eadt th\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sau thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ham gi\u00e0u sang, kh\u00f4ng e c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 oai quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ham, kh\u00f4ng e, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 g\u00ec th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

b) NGH\u0128A<\/strong> l\u00e0 ngay th\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea5u \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ngo\u00e0i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang ph\u1ea3i lo toan. L\u00fac \u0110\u1ea3ng giao cho vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 to nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec1u ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec l\u00e0m, th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec n\u00f3i. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

c) TR\u00cd<\/strong> v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 t\u00fai n\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c trong s\u1ea1ch, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. D\u1ec5 t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. Bi\u1ebft xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Bi\u1ebft x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng, bi\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

d) D\u0168NG<\/strong> l\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, gan g\u00f3c, g\u1eb7p vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gan l\u00e0m. Th\u1ea5y khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 gan s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. C\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00f3 gan ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. C\u00f3 gan ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vinh hoa, ph\u00fa qu\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, th\u00ec c\u00f3 gan hy sinh c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh cho \u0110\u1ea3ng, cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1ee5t r\u00e8, nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\u0111) LI\u00caM<\/strong> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb. Kh\u00f4ng tham ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng tham sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng ham ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 quang minh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ee7 ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ham l\u00e0 ham h\u1ecdc, ham l\u00e0m, ham ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ee7 c\u1ef1u. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec danh v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00ec s\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n. C\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c th\u00ec c\u00e2y h\u00e9o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec d\u00f9 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c to t\u00e1t, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7 ho\u00e1, x\u1ea5u xa th\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 khi \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hy sinh l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ai v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 xung phong. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 \u201ct\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c\u201d, l\u00f2ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 xung phong. \u0110\u00e3 v\u1eady, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cho x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5, c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00f2ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang noi theo.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 khen th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh ho\u1ea1t, trong l\u00fac \u1ed1m \u0111au. Khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd ham l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, vui l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: M\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng khen th\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1edf ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ra s\u1ee9c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u, ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

4. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00ec d\u00e2n, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc. Song \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00ec d\u00e2n, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec l\u1ebd kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 theo v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00ec d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng mong l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, t\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ecd. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec anh em b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu k\u00e9o v\u00e0o, v.v.. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gian nan c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, c\u00f3 ch\u00ed hy sinh.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady khi g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, hoang mang.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao, h\u1ecd tin \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, h\u1ecd k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t. Tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ecdn v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 mong ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng kia ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u hoan ngh\u00eanh. M\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 h\u1ecd, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 h\u1ecd, n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. Trong s\u1ef1 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 kh\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc m\u00e0 xin ra kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea3ng, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ra. \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0: H\u1ecd th\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u. Song \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00ec d\u00e2n, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1eeda b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u. V\u00ec t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3; c\u00f2n t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

5. Nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef \u201cch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u201d, cho n\u00ean m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 vi tr\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, do n\u00f3 m\u00e0 sinh ra c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

a) B\u1ec7nh tham lam <\/strong>– Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u201ct\u1ef1 t\u01b0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i\u201d. D\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sinh ho\u1ea1t xa hoa, ti\u00eau x\u00e0i b\u1eeba b\u00e3i. Ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ra? Kh\u00f4ng xoay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00ec xoay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m ch\u1ee3 \u0111en bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t thanh danh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t danh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

b) B\u1ec7nh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng<\/strong> – T\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u1ecfi, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft. L\u00e0m bi\u1ebfng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfng suy ngh\u0129. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 th\u00ec tranh l\u1ea5y cho m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f9n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. G\u1eb7p vi\u1ec7c nguy hi\u1ec3m th\u00ec t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

c) B\u1ec7nh ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o<\/strong> – T\u1ef1 cao, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i, ham \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, hay l\u00ean m\u1eb7t. \u01afa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c m\u00ecnh, khen ng\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh. \u01afa sai khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ec5 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec h\u01a1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec khoe khoang v\u00eanh v\u00e1o, cho ai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

d) B\u1ec7nh hi\u1ebfu danh<\/strong> – T\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 khi v\u00ec c\u00e1i tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m c\u0169ng l\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, b\u1ecb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n lung lay. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5. Ch\u1ec9 ham l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, u\u1ef7 vi\u00ean n\u1ecd, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ham c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\u0111) Thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt<\/strong> – \u0110\u00e3 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean tr\u00ean. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. M\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. Qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng k\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a. C\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc th\u00ec c\u1ed1t l\u00e0m \u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh quen thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

e) \u00d3c h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i<\/strong> – \u1ede trong \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, s\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh. \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00ec khinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho ai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o b\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u00ean l\u1ea1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea3ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ra c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

g) \u00d3c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong> – B\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kia nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t tai h\u1ea1i. Mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan m\u00ecnh, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c ra sao c\u0169ng m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u1eadn th\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i to, \u00edch l\u1ee3i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

h) \u00d3c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5<\/strong> – \u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i tr\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, anh h\u00f9ng l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0o c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u1ecfn con, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u! M\u00e0 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p to t\u00e1t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta mong cho c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u anh h\u00f9ng, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n tin, d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c, d\u00e2n y\u00eau. Nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Song, nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u do tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n ra, \u0111\u1ec1u do d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean tin c\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u1eed ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5, l\u00e0m anh h\u00f9ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ef1 cao, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u00f3c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng ta \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

\u0110em so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i anh h\u00f9ng x\u01b0a nay c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ea3ng giao ph\u00f3 cho, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ta l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho ta ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

6. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) B\u1ec7nh \u201ch\u1eefu danh, v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c\u201d<\/strong> – L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ed7 g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ed7 ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0m l\u00ean. L\u00e0m cho c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m l\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i. L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt su\u00fdt ra nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho oai, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i th\u00ec r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c – Trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00ec l\u00e0ng n\u00e0o, huy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3. H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng \u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng khi so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd, h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt th\u00e0, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

b) K\u00e9o b\u00e8 k\u00e9o c\u00e1nh<\/strong> l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn chia r\u1ebd. Ai h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh th\u00ec d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c d\u1edf c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 hay, r\u1ed3i che \u0111\u1eady cho nhau, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 l\u1eabn nhau. Ai kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, vi\u1ec7c hay c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 d\u1edf, r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u00e8m pha, n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t tai h\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1edbt m\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u00e1i, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed. N\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nghi ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

c) B\u1ec7nh c\u1eadn th\u1ecb<\/strong> – Kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng xa th\u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to t\u00e1t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng lo \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 lo th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf nhen m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

d) B\u1ec7nh \u201cc\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i sau l\u01b0ng. Khi khai h\u1ed9i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, l\u00fac khai h\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi n\u00f3i. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb g\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng. Kh\u00f4ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Mu\u1ed1n sao l\u00e0m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

2. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m xong vi\u1ec7c, ai c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc theo, ai c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

3. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. C\u1ee9 l\u00e0m theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

4. Khi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ai, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e3i b\u01b0\u1edbng, tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, ti\u1ec3u kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

5. Nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, c\u0169ng l\u00e0m thinh, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7n b\u00e1c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean bi\u1ebft. Ai n\u00f3i sao, ai l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

6. G\u1eb7p d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi han, kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Xem nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

7. Th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng khuy\u00ean r\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

8. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, g\u1eb7p sao l\u00e0m v\u1eady, l\u00e0m l\u1ea5y l\u1ec7, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u0103n n\u1eafp, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

9. T\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u00e0\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u0169\u201d; vi\u1ec7c to l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec l\u1edd m\u1edd, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh th\u00ec bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

10. Bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho \u0110\u1ea3ng x\u1ec7ch xo\u1ea1c, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn lung tung, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00ea tr\u1ec5. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, \u0110\u1ea3ng xa r\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

M\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec d\u1ec5 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i trung th\u00e0nh, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, xem l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c qu\u00fd h\u01a1n t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng quang minh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, ham c\u00e1ch sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u0103n s\u00f3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u201cb\u1ec7nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0111) B\u1ec7nh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng<\/strong> – Khi ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a ngay m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, cho \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, cho binh s\u0129. C\u1ee9 x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Khi thi h\u00e0nh, k\u1ec1nh k\u1ec1nh c\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0: Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00fai \u00e1o, th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00fai qu\u1ea7n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0: ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u01a1 t\u1ed1t, l\u00fac n\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, khi l\u00e0m th\u00ec tr\u1ec5 r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u. M\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb. M\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y th\u00ec ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, sinh b\u1ec7nh. M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111i mau, \u0111i su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c mau ch\u00f3ng, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng xong xu\u00f4i. N\u00f3 ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea5p tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

– Khi ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Khi \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i mau ch\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khai h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, khai h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang (ho\u1eb7c binh s\u0129), ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang (ho\u1eb7c binh s\u0129) ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch thi h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. C\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

e) B\u1ec7nh t\u1ecb n\u1ea1nh<\/strong> – C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n \u201cb\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u1ea5p tr\u00ean v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a, \u0111i xe. C\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a, \u0111i xe.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0, tr\u1ebb, m\u1ea1nh, y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y sinh ra v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m hai ch\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u1ebb g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu g\u00e1nh nh\u1eb9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea3i \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 th\u00ec \u0103n \u00edt. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa – Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u: \u0111\u1ed3ng cam c\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t hay, r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong l\u00fac c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f2n t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n lao, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ef3 theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. C\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i xe, \u0103n ngon, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i \u0111i xe, \u0111\u00f2i \u0103n ngon . Ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t tr\u1ebb em c\u0169ng \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u, c\u0169ng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, th\u00ec b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t v\u00f4 l\u00fd, r\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t oai t\u00edn v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: N\u1ebfu ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbch s\u1ebd l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch ta.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1eady l\u00e0 l\u1ea7m to. Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh. Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c. S\u1ee3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 gi\u1ea5u b\u1ec7nh. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft \u201cc\u0169ng la l\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0a\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ec3 nang kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh c\u1ee9 sa v\u00e0o l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i h\u1ecfng vi\u1ec7c. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh \u1ed1m, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eefa cho h\u1ecd. N\u1ec3 nang m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 cho khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c cho m\u00ecnh!<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecfng. M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 gan th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e9t r\u00f5 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh sinh ra khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. S\u1ee3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cquan li\u00eau ho\u00e1\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n t\u1ef1 t\u00fac, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00e8o khen m\u00e8o d\u00e0i \u0111u\u00f4i\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a.<\/p>\n

g) B\u1ec7nh xu n\u1ecbnh, a dua<\/strong> – L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t, sau l\u01b0ng th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng x\u1ea5u. Th\u1ea5y x\u00f4i n\u00f3i x\u00f4i ng\u1ecdt, th\u1ea5y th\u1ecbt n\u00f3i th\u1ecbt b\u00f9i. Theo gi\u00f3 b\u1ebb bu\u1ed3m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau, b\u1ec7nh b\u00e0n gi\u1ea5y, b\u1ec7nh n\u00f3ng t\u00ednh, b\u1ec7nh l\u1ee5p ch\u1ee5p, v.v., \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i qua, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

7. Nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00ec sao m\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t trung th\u00e0nh, r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, r\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. Song c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u00f3 l\u00e2y, ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o trong \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kinh s\u1ee3. Ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh \u1ea5y th\u00ec ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt th\u00e0 t\u1ef1 x\u00e9t v\u00e0 x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh, ai c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt th\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 gi\u00fap s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1eabn nhau. Thang thu\u1ed1c hay nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1 \u0111i l\u00e2u c\u0169ng m\u00f2n. S\u1eaft m\u00e0i l\u00e2u c\u0169ng s\u1eafc. Ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00ec khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1edbt, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam. \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Mong ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch r\u1ea5t v\u1ebb vang.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t, th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t, y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ta. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u hay. Trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i k\u1ebb vu v\u01a1, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ec3 kh\u1edd, d\u00e2u d\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 b\u00e0 con. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t kia, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea5u. Qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng ta. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, ho\u1eb7c tham gia \u0110\u1ea3ng ta. H\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u, vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u trong \u0110\u1ea3ng. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u201d \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vu v\u01a1, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edd t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1ec9?\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng th\u00eam ch\u00fa \u00fd, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn s\u0103n s\u00f3c, d\u1eaft d\u00ecu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u00fang. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 bi quan.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi sa xu\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u1edf trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ra. V\u00ec v\u1eady, tuy n\u00f3i chung, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a b\u1ecf h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u t\u1ef1 t\u01b0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, xa hoa, v.v.. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong 80 n\u0103m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd mang t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u1ed9i b\u00f9n, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh h\u1ecd c\u00f3 h\u01a1i b\u00f9n, c\u00f3 v\u1ebft b\u00f9n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i? V\u00ec l\u1ed9i b\u00f9n th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 h\u01a1i b\u00f9n. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eafm r\u1eeda l\u00e2u m\u1edbi s\u1ea1ch. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu l\u1ed9i b\u00f9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1i b\u00f9n, m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi t\u1eeb trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u, vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i ch\u1ee9! C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed x\u1ea5u, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa cho ti\u1ec7t n\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb, b\u00ecnh an.<\/p>\n

8. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng r\u1ea5t to, ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng; m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen, t\u00ednh n\u1ebft, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00e0ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gay go.<\/p>\n

N\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng: trong \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng lo. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng: Trong \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi quan, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Hai c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea3ng ta r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn, r\u1ea5t v\u1ebb vang. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u00eam, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0110\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u00eam m\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

B\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4 v\u1ebd th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea3ng ta.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ef1 t\u01b0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

B\u1ecdn th\u1ee9 ba th\u00ec sao c\u0169ng m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7, sao xong chuy\u1ec7n th\u00ec th\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u01b0\u01a1n h\u00e8n y\u1ebfu \u1edbt.<\/p>\n

B\u1ecdn th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed5 mang, thu\u1ed3ng lu\u1ed3ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ecdn kia ra kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea3ng ngay. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng: Th\u00f4i, h\u1ecfng h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i! Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2m ra ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1eefa h\u1ebft. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecd b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c qu\u00e1. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh \u201cch\u1ee7 quan\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

a) Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n

b) Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

c) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7. M\u00e0 ra s\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

d) Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u0111) \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. N\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o trong \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng. M\u1ed7i khi trong \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 cho ai l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 ba, ai m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 ai, c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Tuy v\u1eady, trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng sinh ra th\u00f3i \u201ckh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, h\u1ee5c h\u1eb7c sau l\u01b0ng\u201d. N\u00f3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong \u0110\u1ea3ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ecdn vu v\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chui v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0110\u1ea3ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu theo th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u1ecfn con, v\u00ec s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb khai tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft. M\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb khai tr\u1eeb, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1i khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn – Trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, trong tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, trong hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, th\u00ec khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ebft d\u1ea7n, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ta nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

C. T\u01af C\u00c1CH V\u00c0 B\u1ed4N PH\u1eacN \u0110\u1ea2NG VI\u00caN<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ea3ng. N\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

b) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb 18 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

c) M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u0169 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng chu\u1ea9n y.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng, trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

d) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n hai th\u00e1ng. Qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ba th\u00e1ng. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0111) Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 trao vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh n\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

e) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c cho \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tham gia hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eef c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u01b0 k\u00fd, v.v.. (Trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea3ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n

2. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) Su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi tranh \u0111\u1ea5u cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

b) \u0110\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

c) H\u1ebft s\u1ee9c gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

d) Ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

\u0111) C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang trong m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

e) C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u0103n ho\u00e1. Ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

D- PH\u1ea2I R\u00c8N LUY\u1ec6N T\u00cdNH \u0110\u1ea2NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c. K\u00e9m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00e0:\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0:\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1eebng x\u00e3, t\u1eebng huy\u1ec7n, t\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh, t\u1eebng khu.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1ed3i vu\u00f4ng \u00fap vung tr\u00f2n\u201d, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp g\u00ec h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ba l\u00e0:\u00a0L\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec k\u00e9m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh sau n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh ba hoa, B\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan, B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u1ec7nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, B\u1ec7nh ham danh v\u1ecb, B\u1ec7nh \u00edch k\u1ef7, B\u1ec7nh thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, B\u1ec7nh h\u1ee7 ho\u00e1, B\u1ec7nh c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 (g\u1eb7p sao hay v\u1eady), B\u1ec7nh thi\u1ebfu ng\u0103n n\u1eafp, B\u1ec7nh xa qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, B\u1ec7nh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

M\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng vi\u1ec7c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft d\u00f9ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nhau ch\u1eefa cho h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u00eau \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u00eau \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nhau v\u00e0 gi\u00fap nhau ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i th\u00f3i ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n

2. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o sai l\u1ea7m, ai sai l\u1ea7m, th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f3i n\u1ec3 nang v\u00e0 che gi\u1ea5u, ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f3i \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t th\u00ec n\u1ec3, k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 sau l\u01b0ng\u201d. Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, ngay th\u1eb3ng, th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt – m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, c\u1ed1t gi\u00fap nhau ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, s\u1ed1 \u00edt ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt th\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft. Ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n t\u1ef1 t\u00fac, t\u1ef1 t\u01b0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, ba hoa. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: \u201cCh\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0; c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh!\u201d<\/p>\n

V. V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 C\u00c1N B\u1ed8<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111em t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho \u0110\u1ea3ng, cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 m\u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ho\u1eb7c xa x\u00f4i qu\u00e1, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecd (ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf l\u1edbp \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi s\u00e1ch v\u1edf cho h\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v.v.).<\/p>\n

Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m trong s\u1ef1 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n – \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u01a1i m\u1edf l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Song nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp \u1ea5y c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m. \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ebfn nay ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau, d\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00ean s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ngay, theo c\u00e1ch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

a) Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 lu\u1eadn \u1edf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng an, v.v., c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u00f4n n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf trong m\u00f4n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trong m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, do c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0110\u1ea3ng gi\u00fap v\u00e0o. C\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 m\u00f4n:<\/p>\n

1. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra: T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u00f4n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u1ee7a ta, ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

2. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: Nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

3. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m: Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ban tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u00ec gom g\u00f3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ch\u00e9p th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

4. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed: Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u00f4n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111em nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

5. Khoa h\u1ecdc: Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n n\u00e0o th\u00ec nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i gom g\u00f3p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, sao cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trong m\u00f4n m\u00ecnh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

b) Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9: Th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 khuy\u00ean g\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00fac c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 xem b\u00e1o, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 khai h\u1ed9i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eddi s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00fac c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00f4n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ef3 theo m\u1ed7i m\u00f4n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, v.v. th\u00ec \u00edt h\u01a1n. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v.v., th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

c) Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u0103n ho\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f2n k\u00e9m v\u0103n ho\u00e1, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c: l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0, l\u00e0m t\u00ednh, khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc do m\u1ed9t ban ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc do m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0i ba c\u01a1 quan t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay phi\u00ean nhau m\u00e0 \u0111i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 khen th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 cao hay th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1edbp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng theo c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao hay th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

d) Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn (tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1, ham nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u), th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111em l\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4 khan nh\u00e9t cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u00f3c h\u1ecd. R\u1ed3i b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t k\u00eau. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i qua loa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 trong l\u00fac h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. L\u00fac h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c , c\u00f3 \u00edch.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd lu\u1eadn do kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, do kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n nay gom g\u00f3p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ra l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft kh\u00e9o l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m theo th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ra kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i: Ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n g\u1ee5i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang. Ta ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta n\u00f3i: Ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan, b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, b\u1ec7nh ba hoa. Ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ta th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp – Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, chia ra khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, khoa h\u1ecdc kinh t\u1ebf, khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v.v., m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00ec theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: Kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111i c\u00f9ng nhau. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u00f9ng s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn; l\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m tranh \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea5y \u201ckinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc\u201d l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, l\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m nay l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eebng ban cao c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c trung c\u1ea5p. L\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m c\u1ed1t. Do th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00fap v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

– S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i cho kh\u00e9o, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

– V\u00f4 lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u00e0o, l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan, b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, b\u1ec7nh ba hoa. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i do c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e9t k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1ch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Cho n\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u1eddi gi\u1edd d\u00e0i hay ng\u1eafn, tu\u1ef3 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i xem k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra, thi kh\u1ea3o, th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3, do Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. Ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tham gia vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ee7n x\u1ec9n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n chi ti\u00eau trong vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

2. D\u1ea1y c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t hay k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn vun tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i qu\u00fd b\u00e1u. Ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edch cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. Trong cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u th\u01b0\u1eddng hao t\u1ed5n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00fd c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng, n\u1ea3y n\u1edf ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, tham gia v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng ta. H\u1ecd h\u0103ng h\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f2n \u00edt. Trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to t\u00e1t, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u0103n s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n k\u00edp.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 – T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m to. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho ta bi\u1ebft: m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee7 ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng l\u00f2i ra.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cho \u0111\u00fang. C\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n k\u00edp. Khi c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n g\u1ee5i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 m\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng. L\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi \u0111em ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00f4 l\u00f4 ba la, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 – Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng hay. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m cho h\u1ecd, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tu\u1ef3 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n th\u00ec b\u1ea3o \u0111i \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ee7, th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c th\u00ec b\u1ea3o \u0111i r\u00e8n dao. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00fang t\u00fang. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft tu\u1ef3 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u00fang – Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb to th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7<\/p>\n

kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 ra, c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, tinh th\u1ea7n, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ch\u00ed kh\u00ed v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u00fang vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

5. Ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u00fang – Ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng l\u00f2ng th\u00e2n \u00e1i m\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. Gi\u00fap h\u1ecd s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 sai l\u1ea7m. Khen ng\u1ee3i h\u1ecd l\u00fac h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c. V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

6. Ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 – T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ed m\u1eadt khi c\u1ea7n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169 \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, trong l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5u tranh.<\/p>\n

b) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean l\u1ea1c m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang m\u1edbi tin c\u1eady c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

c) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Ai s\u1ee3 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i: Khi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hoang mang, khi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o. Khi thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, gan g\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

d) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i theo cho \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n hay n\u00f3i kh\u00e9o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng ra tranh \u0111\u1ea5u. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng hay n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t trung th\u00e0nh, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, th\u00ec b\u1ecb d\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ngay nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o l\u00fd lu\u1eadn cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft m\u00f9<\/p>\n

4. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p>\n

Phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, n\u1ea3y n\u1edf ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf r\u01a1i h\u1ecd, xa c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt th\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea3i th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u1ecd, \u0111em t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u00fap \u00edch v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, b\u1ec7nh bao bi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

a) Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o – Th\u1ea3 cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m, th\u1ea3 cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, d\u00f9 sai l\u1ea7m ch\u00fat \u00edt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tu\u1ef3 theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 b\u00e0y v\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

b) N\u00e2ng cao – Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc th\u00eam l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

c) Ki\u1ec3m tra – Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m. Giao c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1edbi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft y\u00eau d\u1ea5u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

d) C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o – Khi h\u1ecd sai l\u1ea7m th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u201cthuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c\u201d gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m to l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed9i cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cc\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u201cc\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u201ct\u1ea1m khai tr\u1eeb\u201d. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u0111) Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 – Ph\u1ea3i cho h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi h\u1ecd \u0111au \u1ed1m, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c thang. Tu\u1ef3 theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

5. M\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1n b\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng ta g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. Trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u0129, c\u00f4ng, n\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng, binh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3. T\u1eebng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau; t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Sao cho \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, Kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, C\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

a) Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1n b\u1ed9\u00a0<\/strong>– Bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f3. T\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec v\u1eady mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i \u1edf m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh sau n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

1. T\u1ef1 cao t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/p>\n

2. \u01afa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh,<\/p>\n

3. Do l\u00f2ng y\u00eau, gh\u00e9t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi,<\/p>\n

4. \u0110em m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p m\u00e0 l\u1eafp v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 mang k\u00ednh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh tr\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng \u00edt khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 nay l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 nay l\u1ea1i tham gia c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nay \u0111ang theo c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e3i. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc g\u00ec sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m? Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xem ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i xem t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xem m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem to\u00e0n c\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, to\u00e0n c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cao, h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t h\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac phong tr\u00e0o h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2m ra hoang mang. L\u00fac g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0m m\u1eadt th\u00e1m. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1eadt th\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u0103ng h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u00ec l\u1ea7m n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Ai m\u00e0 hay khoe c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, hay a dua, t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 l\u00e0m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t th\u00ec theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, sau l\u01b0ng th\u00ec tr\u00e1i m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, hay c\u00f4ng k\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hay t\u1ef1 t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tuy h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Ai c\u1ee9 c\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng ham khoe khoang, \u0103n n\u00f3i ngay th\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ham vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5, tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft l\u00e0m theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u00f4 lu\u1eadn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c k\u00e9m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 x\u1ea5u. Ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t, kh\u00e9o s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u1ed7 x\u1ea5u cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

b) Kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9<\/strong>\u00a0– L\u00fac d\u00f9ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1. Ham d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con, anh em quen bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n, cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

2. Ham d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e9o n\u1ecbnh h\u00f3t m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

3. Ham d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u1eady, m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u1ee9 bao dung, che ch\u1edf, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c th\u00ec b\u1edbi l\u00f4ng t\u00ecm v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, h\u1ecfng c\u1ea3 danh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang?<\/p>\n

– M\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n g\u1ee5i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u00f2n k\u00e9m, gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb b\u1ecdn vu v\u01a1 bao v\u00e2y, m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch xa c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 vui v\u1ebb, th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u1edbi vui l\u00f2ng g\u1ea7n g\u1ee5i m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u00fd hoang mang, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd y\u00ean t\u00e2m<\/p>\n

l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, vui th\u00fa l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

1. Khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3 gan n\u00f3i, c\u1ea3 gan \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec b\u1eb1ng khuy\u00ean c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1eadt th\u00e0 trong \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1ea1i t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c m\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i, h\u1ecd s\u1ee3. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong \u0110\u1ea3ng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u00e2m u, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e1y, trong l\u00f2ng u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i ra, do u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c m\u00e0 ho\u00e1 ra o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c cho gi\u1ecfi th\u00ec sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

2. Khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 gan ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 gan l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c hay hay d\u1edf, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng do c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn do c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, do t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e9o, t\u00e0i nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 ra t\u00e0i to. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o, t\u00e0i to c\u0169ng ho\u00e1 ra t\u00e0i nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Khi giao c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. V\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, th\u1ea3 cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m, khuy\u00ean g\u1eafng h\u1ecd c\u1ee9 c\u1ea3 gan m\u00e0 l\u00e0m. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, khi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00fang v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u201ctu\u1ef3 c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn\u201d, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u00fang v\u00e0o, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1edd m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, sinh ra \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i, m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi trao c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n k\u1ef9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd g\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, ch\u1edb mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng trao vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd. Khi \u0111\u00e3 trao cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1edbm ra l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, s\u1ee3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u1ed3i vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u00fang v\u00e0o. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng bao bi\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng xong. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u00ec v\u01a1 v\u1ea9n c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u1edb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 gan l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ham l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f3 th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u1edb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e1t gan, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o \u201c\u0111\u1eadp \u0111i, h\u00f2 \u0111\u1ee9ng\u201d, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

3. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nghe, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang, ta ph\u1ea3i nghe theo, khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00eam \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, ta n\u00ean d\u00f9ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u. Quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00f9ng mang tr\u1ee3n m\u1eaft, qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch, gi\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ta, ta ph\u1ea3i vui v\u1ebb th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ecf v\u1ebb b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n sau h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t r\u00f5 c\u00e1i ch\u1ed7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a ta, \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean g\u1eafng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu v\u00ec c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

c) Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gan c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9<\/strong>\u00a0– C\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, v\u00ec c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c th\u00eam h\u0103ng h\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu v\u00ec l\u00f2ng y\u00eau gh\u00e9t, v\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u00edch, v\u00ec n\u1ec3 nang, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ai ph\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed1i l\u00f4i th\u00f4i trong \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng xem x\u00e9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng xem x\u00e9t h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ta nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 xem c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 \u201cgi\u00e3 g\u1ea1o\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9. Khi c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd. Khi h\u1ecd sai l\u1ea7m th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng, ch\u1edd l\u00fac h\u1ecd l\u00e0m kh\u00e1, l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb nh\u1eafc l\u00ean th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng ba l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc. M\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd, khuy\u00ean g\u1eafng h\u1ecd, vun tr\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ef1 tin. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ef1 tin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng khoe khoang, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1edf n\u00ean to t\u00e1t r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111em ra \u201cch\u1ec9nh\u201d m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eadp\u201d c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb \u201c\u0111\u1eadp\u201d, m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u0169ng ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed, t\u1eeb n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 sai l\u1ea7m, ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ngay. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c to qu\u00e1, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c kia. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u00f2ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

d) Y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9<\/strong>\u00a0– Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0i ba th\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0i ba n\u0103m, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e2u n\u0103m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, trong l\u00fac tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u00e1n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1, nu\u00f4ng chi\u1ec1u, th\u1ea3 m\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00eam, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u00eam. L\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n sinh ho\u1ea1t, ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, khi \u0111au \u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m nom, gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed1n qu\u1eabn, v.v..<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ki\u1ec3m th\u1ea3o h\u1ecd. H\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ngay, \u0111\u1ec3 vun tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1i th\u00f3i c\u00f3 gan ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, c\u1ea3 gan l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, m\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd th\u00eam h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, th\u00eam g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c. Ph\u1ea3i vun \u0111\u1eafp ch\u00ed kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u201cb\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n, th\u1eafng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eau\u201d. L\u00fac ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh h\u1ecd, ta ch\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 gay g\u1eaft. L\u00fac khen ng\u1ee3i h\u1ecd, ta ph\u1ea3i cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, tuy c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1edb ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o. Ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0111) \u0110\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 sai l\u1ea7m\u00a0<\/strong>– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00e0 c\u00e0ng s\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 \u00fd ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng ai c\u1ed1 \u00fd sai l\u1ea7m, sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea7m, ta quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch h\u1ecd. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i c\u1edb v\u00ec sao m\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m? Sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa? T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd vui l\u00f2ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c m\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m, c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1, d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o. Song kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t. L\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c to, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t th\u00ec s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec s\u1ebd m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u1ecdn c\u1ed1 \u00fd ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. M\u00e0 ch\u00fat g\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1i c\u1edb sai l\u1ea7m, ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t cho \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e9o, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u00fang, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

VI. C\u00c1CH L\u00c3NH \u0110\u1ea0O<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 cho s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ngo\u00e0i kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng tai nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ckh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng\u201d.<\/p>\n

L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i trong ph\u00f2ng gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ra m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cho \u0111\u00fang. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. V\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 thi h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u00fang. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng xong.<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang gi\u00fap m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Tr\u00f4ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: h\u1ecd tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean. N\u00ean s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u00fang, \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdp kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u1eafng tai nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch xa d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u01a1 l\u1eedng gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau, b\u1ec7nh b\u00e0n gi\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3i \u0111i. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eady m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2m ra ngang t\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, kh\u00e9p h\u1ecd v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa t\u00ednh ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, th\u00f3i quan li\u00eau cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng. H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y tuy l\u00e0 th\u1eadt th\u00e0, trung th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5: H\u00f4m n\u1ecd t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 L:<\/p>\n

– M\u00f9a m\u00e0ng n\u0103m nay th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ?<\/p>\n

L tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: R\u1ed3i sao n\u1eefa ?<\/p>\n

L tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: R\u1ed3i sao n\u1eefa ?<\/p>\n

L tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c xem ch\u1eebng kh\u00e1.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: R\u1ed3i sao n\u1eefa ?<\/p>\n

L tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ?<\/p>\n

L tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u1ede v\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e2u ra \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3!<\/p>\n

Trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u00f3i, n\u00f3i gi\u1edd n\u00e0y qua gi\u1edd kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau, b\u1ec7nh b\u00e0n gi\u1ea5y; mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng, thi h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng; mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft ai ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m, ai l\u00e0m qua chuy\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 kh\u00e9o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00e9o, bao nhi\u00eau khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00f2i ra h\u1ebft, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e9o v\u1ec1 sau khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edbt \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Song, mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m. Hai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i trong ph\u00f2ng gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0 ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1eadn n\u01a1i, xem t\u1eadn ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec ba \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

1. C\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

2. M\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan.<\/p>\n

3. M\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n \u1edf trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, khi khai h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean nghe nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u1eed ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed n\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kia v\u00e0o c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp trung, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u1ede qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, khai h\u1ed9i, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u00e1c u\u1ef7 ban, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, v.v.; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

2. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng hai c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o sau \u0111\u00e2y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chung v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ri\u00eang. Hai l\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chung v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ri\u00eang?<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chung, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi chung, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean kh\u1eafp qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Song, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m chung, l\u00e0m kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang hay sai. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chung v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0i ba b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong c\u01a1 quan hay b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i m\u00ecnh, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng) trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, trong v\u00e0i ba b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn n\u0103m, ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ednh n\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch trong b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0i ba b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang?<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec (th\u00ed d\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng), ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m trung ki\u00ean cho s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u00f3m trung ki\u00ean n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m trung ki\u00ean, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, nh\u00f3m trung ki\u00ean s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m trung ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi: H\u1ea1ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, h\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba v\u1eeba, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m. M\u00e0 trong ba h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba v\u1eeba, h\u1ea1ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, h\u1ea1ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec1u \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng h\u1ea1ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m trung ki\u00ean cho s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, do trung ki\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao h\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba v\u1eeba v\u00e0 k\u00e9o h\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m trung ki\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u trong \u0111\u00e1m qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, xa c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, ba b\u01b0\u1edbc: B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Nh\u00f3m trung ki\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n y nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u0169. Trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee7 ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee9c vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh h\u0103ng h\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m trung ki\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh u\u1ec3 o\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, trung th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m trung ki\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

*****<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ra, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gom g\u00f3p m\u1ecdi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, l\u1ebb t\u1ebb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f3, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00f3, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. R\u1ed3i \u0111em n\u00f3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e2n l\u00fac qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, ta xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, coi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e3i th\u00ec l\u1ea7n sau ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m trung ki\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho trung ki\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o xa r\u1eddi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 sinh ra b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft gom g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, cho n\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ra l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chung v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ri\u00eang (nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c 2 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i), cho n\u00ean ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng ho\u00e1 ra quan li\u00eau.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c, quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chung v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u201ct\u1eeb trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ra, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\u201d. Gom g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, \u0111em l\u00e0m \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chung. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111em \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chung \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111em kinh nghi\u1ec7m chung v\u00e0 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb m\u1edbi. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e3i. Bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

*****<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c g\u00ec, chi\u1ebfn tranh, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, v.v., c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kinh qua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch chung c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1eb3ng d\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, ban tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ban tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, v.v.), \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc, th\u00e0nh th\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch chung thu\u1ed9c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 k\u00fd, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m, v.v., kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch chung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch chung ch\u1ec9 huy, th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ra l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ra c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng tham gia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong ban ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang, theo c\u00e1ch \u201cl\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\u201d, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o, c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u00e0i ba vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu v\u1eeba. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh, vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea5p th\u00ec l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean lu\u1ed9m thu\u1ed9m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, g\u1eb7p vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, th\u00e0nh th\u1eed vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh, l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u0103n n\u1eafp.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t cho r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o. Khi \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, cho \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u201cl\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\u201d, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chung li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ri\u00eang. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0ng gay go th\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chung v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tan c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edd m\u1edd, quan li\u00eau, ch\u1ee7 quan, b\u00e0n gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

3. H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111u\u00f4i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, r\u1ea5t h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, r\u1ea5t anh h\u00f9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i nghe theo nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, th\u00ec \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady, th\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tin ch\u00fang ta. Bi\u1ebft, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i. N\u00f3i, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i h\u1ebft l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

1. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1ch quan li\u00eau. C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh. \u00e9p d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0m. \u0110\u00f3ng c\u1eeda l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ed9t v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, b\u1eaft d\u00e2n ch\u00fang theo.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng: L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u201cl\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5\u201d, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mau, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng r\u1ea7y r\u00e0.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea3ng ta v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m. L\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch quan li\u00eau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec d\u00e2n o\u00e1n. D\u00e2n o\u00e1n, d\u00f9 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi may c\u00f3 ch\u00fat th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

2. L\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Do d\u00e2n ch\u00fang vui l\u00f2ng ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u01a1i phi\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, phi\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. H\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. M\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00ec d\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 g\u00ec khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 n\u00ean s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch quan li\u00eau, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111em hai ch\u1eef \u201cm\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh\u201d l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0m theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u00eau r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u00ecm \u0111i. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nghi ng\u1edd, u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00ean l\u00e0m<\/p>\n

kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n. Hai l\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ecb mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng vui l\u00f2ng. Ba l\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng cho d\u00e2n l\u00e0 d\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec, m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u1eafm. Ai c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i mau mau s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ecf cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft: C\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang vi\u1ec7c to t\u00e1t m\u1ea5y, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xong. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n, mau ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 to l\u1edbn, ngh\u0129 m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ra.<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho bi\u1ebft: N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m, l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch xa d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. N\u01a1i kha kh\u00e1, l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, bi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1 l\u1eafm l\u00e0 v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec to nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, bi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o kh\u01a1i cho h\u1ecd n\u00f3i. Do \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ebb t\u1ebb c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o gom g\u00f3p l\u1ea1i, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i cho c\u00f3 ng\u0103n n\u1eafp, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ra s\u1ee9c thi h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1eeba n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00e2ng cao kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1ecd hay so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd so s\u00e1nh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd so s\u00e1nh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 qua. H\u1ecd so s\u00e1nh t\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd so s\u00e1nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. Do s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u00fang so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang, l\u00e0 v\u00ec tai m\u1eaft h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nghe, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng v\u1eady. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec hay, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec qu\u1ea5y, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng do c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, d\u1ef1a theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra vi\u1ec7c thi\u00ean t\u01b0, thi\u00ean v\u1ecb, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, do s\u1ef1 d\u00f9i m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, l\u1ea1i do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 nhau. Trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 l\u1edbp ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ch\u1eebng ch\u1eebng, c\u00f3 l\u1edbp l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, khi \u0111em v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ra b\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, h\u1ecd \u0111em c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau so s\u00e1nh. So \u0111i s\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd l\u00f2i ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1ecd so s\u00e1nh t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec3m hay v\u00e0o, b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1edf \u0111i. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Sau khi b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, so s\u00e1nh, th\u00eam th\u1eaft, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. L\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1, nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t. L\u00e0m qu\u00e1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, \u201ct\u1ea3\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khai h\u1ed9i, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ta ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3, ch\u1ecbu suy ngh\u0129, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00edch cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u00f3i g\u00ec, ta c\u0169ng c\u1ee9 nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft theo. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh so s\u00e1nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111em c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. T\u00ecm ra m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f3. Xem r\u00f5 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o sai. Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0a ra cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: T\u1eadp trung \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, ra s\u1ee9c thi h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

So \u0111i s\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, m\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u0103ng h\u00e1i trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u0103ng h\u00e1i trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hay tr\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, c\u0169ng ho\u00e1 ra v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ecf s\u1ea1ch l\u1ed1i quan li\u00eau, l\u1ed1i ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, l\u1ed1i m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1. Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

2. Tin v\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. \u0110\u01b0a m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u00ec th\u1eadt th\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft g\u00ec m\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

3. Ch\u1edb kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 gi\u1eef theo \u201cs\u00e1o c\u0169\u201d. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, theo s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecd, tu\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c trong n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0a ra tranh \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

4. Ch\u00fang ta tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean theo \u0111u\u00f4i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o t\u1eadp trung \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ho\u00e1 n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111em c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n so s\u00e1nh, xem x\u00e9t, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00e0 ho\u00e1 n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

5. \u201cPh\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n gian\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u201ctr\u00ean d\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng\u201d. T\u1eeb nay vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u201cd\u01b0\u1edbi nhoi l\u00ean\u201d. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t mau ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng.\/.<\/p>\n

VII. CH\u1ed0NG TH\u00d3I BA HOA<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Th\u00f3i ba hoa l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f3i ba hoa. V\u00ec th\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 hai b\u1ec7nh kia. V\u00ec ba th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ec th\u00f3i ba hoa c\u00f2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a kh\u1ecfi h\u1eb3n.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f3i ba hoa t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ra?<\/p>\n

V\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p, cho n\u00ean khi n\u00f3i khi vi\u1ebft, hay d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch Ph\u00e1p. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f3 nghe. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f3i ba hoa t\u1ecf ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

a) D\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch<\/strong>\u00a0– Nhi\u1ec1u anh em hay vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i. Vi\u1ebft d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y qua d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c, trang n\u00e0y qua trang kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1n gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed1n m\u1ef1c, m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem. Kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o v\u1ea3i b\u0103ng b\u00f3 m\u1ee5n l\u1edf, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m g\u00ec d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: L\u00e0 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang xem. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0i l\u1ea1i r\u1ed7ng, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u, ai c\u00f2n d\u00e1m xem n\u1eefa? K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ai v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i ngh\u1ec1 xem, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u0169ng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u00fac kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u1edf h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ai c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 xem nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i d\u00e0i qu\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i m\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hay. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed7ng l\u1ea1i d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0i sao?<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i. N\u00f3 d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u, m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110o b\u00f2 l\u00e0m chu\u1ed3ng, \u0111o ng\u01b0\u1eddi may \u00e1o\u201d. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00f3i c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i d\u00e0i, vi\u1ebft r\u1ed7ng. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eafn m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00f3i c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u1eafn t\u1eaft. Song tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eefa cho h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh n\u00f3i d\u00e0i, vi\u1ebft r\u1ed7ng.<\/p>\n

b) C\u00f3 th\u00f3i \u201cc\u1ea7u k\u1ef3\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0– Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1o, s\u00e1ch, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem kh\u00f4ng ra, \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd cho th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u201d. K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c, h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft, h\u1ecd v\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd xem th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: Vi\u1ebft cho ai xem? N\u00f3i cho ai nghe? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady, th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xem.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng: M\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft g\u00ec, n\u00f3i g\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. Th\u1eadt ra, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. D\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, d\u00f9ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1ng danh t\u1eeb l\u1ea1, n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch T\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u d\u00e0i d\u1eb1ng d\u1eb7c, th\u00ec qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef n\u00f3i \u201cg\u1ea9y \u0111\u1eddn tai tr\u00e2u\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. Song nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e2u\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nhau. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nhau, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p sao n\u00f3i v\u1eady, b\u1ea1 g\u00ec vi\u1ebft n\u1ea5y, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

c) Kh\u00f4 khan, l\u00fang t\u00fang<\/strong>\u00a0– N\u00f3i \u0111i n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng qua k\u00e9o ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, kh\u00e1ch quan, ch\u1ee7 quan\u201d, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u1ed1c danh t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ch\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u1ee7 g\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u1ecdt tai qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cH\u1ecdc \u0103n, h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc g\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc m\u1edf\u201d. N\u00f3i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, r\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t, r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n. Anh em \u0111i tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3, cho n\u00ean khi vi\u1ebft, khi n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4 khan, c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng ta c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ef1c. Ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0o ta s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 th\u00ec d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng ta.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh \u201cd\u00f9ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n\u201d, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng ta s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ba th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ba th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201ctam c\u00e1 nguy\u1ec7t\u201d. Xem x\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i xem x\u00e9t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201cquan s\u00e1t\u201d, v.v..<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd \u201ct\u1ea3\u201d qu\u00e1 n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng ta, ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u, m\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201c\u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t\u201d, du k\u00edch th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh ch\u01a1i\u201d. Th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ti\u1ebfng ta \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00eam. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch m\u01b0\u1ee3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed1i, m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng ta, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, h\u1ec5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafp s\u1eeda k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng. L\u00fac ra n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111i l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1ed3i. L\u00fang t\u00fang nh\u01b0 g\u00e0 m\u1eafc t\u00f3c. Th\u00f4i \u0111i th\u00ec tr\u1ebdn. N\u00f3i n\u1eefa th\u00ec ch\u00e1n tai.<\/p>\n

d) B\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00f4ng b\u00f4ng<\/strong>\u00a0– M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u00edt, th\u00ec su\u00fdt ra nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00f2n khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec gi\u1ea5u \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho \u0111\u00fang. Ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed khi c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ec5 r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 k\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0 trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y 1, 2, 3, 4 ho\u1eb7c a, b, c, v.v.. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ra. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ? Khi vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, khi ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ta ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u00f5 c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ph\u1ee5. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

G\u1eb7p m\u1ed7i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i kinh qua ba b\u01b0\u1edbc: \u0110\u1ec1 n\u00f3 ra, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch n\u00f3 (\u0111i\u1ec1u tra, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t), gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Khi vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c khi di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft cho kh\u1ecfi r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u0111) L\u1ee5p ch\u1ee5p c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3<\/strong>\u00a0– Nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec t\u00ednh l\u1ee5p ch\u1ee5p, c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ai c\u0169ng r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t. R\u1eeda m\u1eb7t r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n soi g\u01b0\u01a1ng xem \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u01b0a. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, ch\u1edb n\u00f3i, ch\u1edb vi\u1ebft. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft, ch\u1edb n\u00f3i, ch\u1edb vi\u1ebft c\u00e0n. Khi vi\u1ebft xong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n. M\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef th\u1eeba, v\u00f4 \u00edch b\u1ecf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

R\u1eeda m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i k\u1ef3 x\u00e1t v\u00e0i ba l\u1ea7n m\u1edbi s\u1ea1ch. Vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

e) B\u1ec7nh theo \u201cs\u00e1o c\u0169\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0– Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 th\u00f3i ba hoa, m\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, khai h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u1edf l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: H\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m. H\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecdc m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, sao cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngay. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i l\u1ebd r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u201cth\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u201d nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd cho thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u201ct\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd c\u00e1c em nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u201cbi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p\u201d nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111ang h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c khai h\u1ed9i \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

1. K\u00e9m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb – \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 khai h\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u00e0 khai h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch m\u1eddi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ai c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ?<\/p>\n

2. N\u00f3i m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng – Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn khai h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, trong l\u00fac khai h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u201c\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u, hay \u201cb\u00e0\u201d \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u n\u00f3i, n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng hai, ba gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. N\u00f3i m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eeba m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u, c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn!<\/p>\n

3. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd – H\u1eb9n khai h\u1ed9i t\u00e1m gi\u1edd th\u00ec ch\u00edn, m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn. L\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: Gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong l\u00fac kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

4. Gi\u1eef n\u1ebfp c\u0169 – B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bao gi\u1edd, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 gi\u1eef theo n\u1ebfp c\u0169:<\/p>\n

1. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

3. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

4. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

5. Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

6. Gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hay, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ed5 thay! N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y k\u00e9o h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd n\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch M\u00e1csan, n\u00e0o x\u1ee9 Paragoay, n\u00e0o g\u00ec g\u00ec, m\u00e0 b\u00e0 con kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u chi h\u1ebft ! N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p x\u00e3, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

g) N\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u<\/strong>\u00a0– \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u00e1, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ho\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ho\u00e1. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang. Ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u201cho\u00e1\u201d g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u! V\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169, n\u1ebfp c\u0169 \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, mi\u1ec7ng c\u00e0ng h\u00f4 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ho\u00e1\u201d, m\u00e0 trong l\u00fac th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u201cti\u1ec3u ch\u00fang ho\u00e1\u201d. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u1ea5y vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cao xa, m\u1ea7u m\u00e8, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: V\u1eeba r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y d\u00e1n nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 quan\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9, th\u00ec h\u01a1n ch\u00edn ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec h\u1ebft. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i: C\u1ea5p tr\u00ean b\u1ea3o d\u00e1n c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i d\u00e1n, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ed1ng quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Than \u00f4i! Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 ho\u00e1 ra l\u00e1 b\u00f9a c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y c\u00fang. L\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ai ? Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ho\u00e1\u201d, \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ho\u00e1\u201d th\u00ec ho\u00e1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng \u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n

h) B\u1ec7nh hay n\u00f3i ch\u1eef<\/strong>\u00a0– Ti\u1ebfng ta c\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ham d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i, v\u00ec qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ham d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng to.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t gian b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111i bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201ccu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. D\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3ng, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m\u201d. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1edd vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3ng\u201d!<\/p>\n

T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef n\u00f3i: \u201cx\u1ea5u hay l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, d\u1ed1t hay n\u00f3i ch\u1eef\u201d. C\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh n\u00f3i ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2y ra, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i xin th\u00f4ng phong\u201d (xung phong).<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i nhau\u201d (th\u00e2n \u00e1i nhau), v.v.. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c khai h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, c\u00f3 ch\u1ecb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u1ecd l\u00ean n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u01b0a ch\u1ecb em, t\u00f4i xin b\u00e1 c\u00e1o kinh nguy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111au l\u00f2ng, do b\u1ec7nh hay n\u00f3i ch\u1eef sinh ra ho\u1eb7c do b\u1ec7nh d\u1ed1t sinh ra.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa th\u00f3i ba hoa.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng ba hoa. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i to cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa th\u00f3i ba hoa. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Ch\u1edb n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u n\u00f3i, m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf r\u00f5 c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd, nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

3. Khi vi\u1ebft, khi n\u00f3i, ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00e0m sao cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u1ec1u tin, \u0111\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: \u201cTa vi\u1ebft cho ai xem? N\u00f3i cho ai nghe\u201d?<\/p>\n

4. Ch\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, ch\u01b0a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, ch\u1edb n\u00f3i, ch\u1edb vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

5. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i, ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 cho ch\u00edn, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef: \u201cCh\u00f3 ba quanh m\u1edbi n\u1eb1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ba n\u0103m m\u1edbi n\u00f3i\u201d.<\/p>\n

Sau khi vi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, ph\u1ea3i xem \u0111i xem l\u1ea1i ba, b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng, ph\u1ea3i xem \u0111i xem l\u1ea1i ch\u00edn, m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf – \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ta quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u2013 th\u00ec th\u00f3i ba hoa s\u1ebd b\u1edbt d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean s\u1ebd do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam.\/.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1947
\nK\u00fd t\u00ean:\u00a0X.Y.Z.<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014-<\/p>\n

Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1948
\nXu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 7, n\u0103m 1959.
\nTheo s\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 7, n\u0103m 1959.<\/p>\n

Theo\u00a0trang tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Ban Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd L\u0103ng Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0https:\/\/www.bqllang.gov.vn\/chu-tich-ho-chi-minh\/tac-pham\/2748-sua-doi-loi-lam-viec-phan-1.html?showall=1<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m 1947, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Thu \u0110\u00f4ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 6 ph\u1ea7n: Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa; M\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m; T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng; V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9; C\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o; […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1141,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-su-kien-van-hoa-xa-hoi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1140"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1142,"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140\/revisions\/1142"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quynhonport.greensoft.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}